Environment

The priority of government in the field of environment remains introduction of EU standards, together with proper enforcement, improved monitoring systems and introduction of fiscal instruments that stimulate environmentally friendly investments. The administrative capacity of institutions involved in environmental policy-making and enforcement remains weak and inter-institutional coordination requires further strengthening. Progress has been made in relation to drafting legislation and policy documents. However, considerable efforts will still be needed to bring existing national legislation in line with EU requirements and adoption and implementation of laws and policies remain a challenge.

Draft legal acts and policies have been prepared but have yet to be approved in the areas of water management, control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances, and waste management, including landfills and incineration. In addition, drafts of a national plan for waste management (2010–2015), a national policy on waste and a national strategy on waste (2010–2025) have been prepared. Nevertheless, uncontrolled waste disposal, particularly in rural areas, and discharge of solid waste into surface waters remain of concern. Implementation of the Rio Declaration principles—e.g. the precautionary and prevention principles—requires further attention, with increased capacities to carry out Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment. This will also require increased public participation and awareness-raising on related issues.

 Albania continues to advance its efforts to implement the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, and preparation of a Third National Communication has been initiated. A system to monitor effects of climate change in the area of the Drin–Mat river deltas was designed and is expected to be integrated into the national monitoring system. Similarly, a Trans boundary Diagnostic Analysis and a Strategic Action Plan for Prespa Lakes were also completed.

Despite covering more than twelve percent of Albania’s territory, the size of its protected areas remains insufficient to ensure effective conservation of the country’s biological diversity. However, progress was made in establishment of marine and other protected areas.